What is anti HTLV-I II positive?
What is anti HTLV-I II positive?
HTLV-II antibodies may show a positive result on a test for HTLV-I antibodies (cross-reaction). This means that even though a person has really had an HTLV-II infection, initial testing may show an HTLV-I positive test result.
Can you breastfeed with HTLV?
Unlike the human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2, HTLV is transmitted primarily through breastfeeding and not transplacentally or during delivery.
What type of leukemia is caused by HTLV-1?
HTLV-1 can cause an uncommon type of T-cell lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adults called adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). This cancer is not common in Canada and occurs mostly in Japan and the Caribbean. People who carry HTLV-1 have a 2% to 4% lifetime risk of developing ATLL.
What is HTLV positive?
Positive LIA results provide confirmatory evidence of infection with HTLV-I or HTLV-II. A reactive screening result with a negative or indeterminate confirmatory test result suggests either a false-reactive screening test result or a seroconverting HTLV infection.
What are the symptoms of HTLV?
Initial symptoms are subtle and include gait problems, unexplained falls, low back pain, constipation, urinary urgency/incontinence and numbness or pain in the lower limbs. Over the years, progressive leg weakness ensues followed by the exacerbation of the urinary and sensory symptoms.
Is the HTLV-1 proviral load important for ATL?
Recently, HTLV-1 proviral loads have been evaluated as important predictors of ATL, but a few small prospective studies have been conducted. We prospectively evaluated 1218 asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (426 males and 792 females) who were enrolled during 2002 to 2008.
Why do we need to study HTLV-1 virus?
The identification of risk factors for developing ATL among virus carriers is necessary to prevent these diseases in HTLV-1 endemic areas. To investigate detailed viral- and host-specific determinants of disease development, larger and longer prospective studies are warranted.
Is there a jspfad for HTLV-1 carriers?
The JSPFAD is a nationwide prospective study of HTLV-1 carriers, which was approved by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.
