What is conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia?

Background: Conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is the most common tumor of the ocular surface and is a precursor to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. CIN comprises a spectrum of premalignant epithelial neoplasia that usually begins near the limbus and spreads to the cornea.

What causes conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia?

The main causes and associations of CIN in the literature are sun exposure and distance from the equator; human papillomavirus infection, increased p53 expression, and HIV seropositivity.

Is conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia malignant?

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) are common malignancies of the conjunctiva and encompass a wide and varied spectrum of disease from dysplastic lesion to invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is non-invasive by definition.

What is neoplasm of conjunctiva?

Corneal and conjunctival tumors are malignant cancers that grow on the outer surface of the eye. The most common types of malignant conjunctival tumors are squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and lymphoma.

Can pterygium be cancerous?

Pterygium are benign (not malignant) tumors. Hence pterygium do not invade the eye, sinuses or brain. Pterygium do not spread to other parts of the body (metastasize).

What is conjunctival granuloma?

Allergic conjunctival granuloma or Splendore–Hoeppli phenomenon was first described by Ashton and Cook. [1] These are usually benign lesions with infectious or allergic origins. Without surgical intervention, these lesions can resolve spontaneously or after corticosteroid therapy in a few weeks or months.

Can you go blind from pterygium?

Background: Pterygium is a disfiguring disease that can potentially lead to blindness. It is more common in warm, windy and dry climates of tropical and sub-tropical regions of Africa. Globally, the prevalence ranging from 0.07% to 53%.

How do you stop pterygium from growing?

You can help prevent the development of a pterygium by wearing sunglasses or a hat to shield your eyes from sunlight, wind, and dust. Your sunglasses should also provide protection from the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays. If you already have a pterygium, limiting your exposure to the following can slow its growth: wind.

How is conjunctival granuloma treated?

Topical tacrolimus seems to be an effective therapeutic option for the treatment of allergic conjunctival granulomas. Allergic conjunctival granuloma or Splendore–Hoeppli phenomenon was first described by Ashton and Cook. [1] These are usually benign lesions with infectious or allergic origins.

Should I be worried about a granuloma?

A granuloma is a small area of inflammation. Granulomas are often found incidentally on an X-ray or other imaging test done for a different reason. Typically, granulomas are noncancerous (benign). Granulomas frequently occur in the lungs, but can occur in other parts of the body and head as well.