How do you synthesize GBL?
How do you synthesize GBL?
The method comprises two steps of oxidizing the furfural to prepare 2(5H)-furanone and hydrogenating the 2(5H)-furanone to prepare the GBL, wherein the 2(5H)-furanone can be synthesized by the furfural by taking homogeneous-phase acid or solid acid as a catalyst and taking hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant under the …
Is butanediol the same as GBL?
It’s illegal to sell butanediol for use as medicine. Nevertheless, butanediol is sometimes used as a substitute for other illegal substances such as gamma butyrolactone (GBL) and gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB). Unfortunately, butanediol is just as dangerous as GBL and GHB.
What cleaning products contain GBL?
Products that contain BD include Revitalize Plus, Serenity, Enliven, GHRE, SomatoPro, NRG3, Thunder Nectar, and Weight Belt Cleaner. Some of the suspect products may list 1,4 butanediol, tetramethylene glycol, gamma butyrolactone or 2(3H)-Furanone di-hydro on the label.
What is GBL made from?
γ-Butyrolactone (GBL) is a hygroscopic colorless, water-miscible liquid with a weak characteristic odor. It is the simplest 4-carbon lactone. It is mainly used as an intermediate in the production of other chemicals, e.g. methyl-2-pyrrolidone….gamma-Butyrolactone.
| Names | |
|---|---|
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.002.282 |
| IUPHAR/BPS | 5462 |
| KEGG | C01770 |
| PubChem CID | 7302 |
Is BDO a GHB?
Once ingested, GBL and BDO metabolize into GHB and have similar clinical effects. But unlike GHB, both chemicals have widespread use in industrial manufacturing, which prevents them from being regulated as controlled substances.
Does BDO turn into GHB?
1,4-Butanediol (BDO), a readily available industrial chemical found in solvents, is converted to GHB in vivo and produces acute as well as chronic and withdrawal effects similar to GHB [8,9].
What are the side effects of GBL?
These serious side effects include the inability to control the bowels, vomiting, mental changes, sedation, agitation, combativeness, memory loss, serious breathing and heart problems, fainting, seizures, coma, and death. The effects can be made worse by alcohol or narcotics such as morphine, heroin, and others.
What is GBL cleaner?
GBL is the precursor chemical to GHB and in the body is quickly metabolized into GHB. GBL is used in industrial chemistry in the UK and is widely available in the form of wheel cleaners, cleaning solvents, multi-purpose stain removers and chrome polish.
How addictive is GBL?
Yes. Both GHB and GBL can be addictive, especially if the drugs are used regularly for a period of weeks or months. Even a couple weeks of daily use can lead to dependence. Every day use can result in a heightened tolerance to, and dependence on, the drug.
What PH is GBL?
At basic pH levels, especially around 12.0, an almost complete conversion of GBL to GHB happens within minutes. At the pH levels of 4.0 to 7.0, the conversion process takes several months….1 x 10-3 to 1 x 10-4 M GBL at 205 nm.
| Concentration (M) | Absorbance |
|---|---|
| 2.00×10-4 | 0.178 |
| 1.00×10-4 | 0.099 |
How is 1, 4-butanediol converted to GHB in the body?
1,4-butanediol is a prodrug of GHB, meaning it rapidly converts to GHB in the body by the action of an enzyme known as alcohol dehydrogenase. Structurally, 1,4-butanediol consists of a four-carbon chain with hydroxy groups (-OH) bound to each terminal carbon.
How is 1, 4-butanediol used in industrial solvents?
Structurally, 1,4-butanediol consists of a four-carbon chain with hydroxy groups (-OH) bound to each terminal carbon. In its pure form, it exists as a colorless, viscous liquid that is commonly found in industrial solvents. Owing to its higher availability, 1,4-butanediol is sometimes used to make GBL.
How is the cyclic ester GBL synthesized from GHB?
GBL can be synthesized from GHB through dehydration of the terminal hydroxy groups, forming a saturated lactone ring. Structurally, GBL is a five-membered ring with an oxygen substituent at R1, adjacent from the oxygen atom in the ring, forming a cyclic ester called a lactone.
What makes GBL a lactone of GHB?
Structurally, GBL is a simple four-carbon ring of the tetrahydrofuran chemical class. This makes it a lactone of GHB (that is, a cyclic ester that is formed by the elimination of water). GHB and GBL exist in equilibrium and can transform into each other, depending on the pH of the solution.
