What is thoracic electrical bioimpedance?

Thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB) devices, a form of plethysmography, monitor cardiac output by non-invasively measuring hemodynamic parameters, including: thoracic fluid status, stroke volume, and systemic vascular resistance.

How is ICU cardiac output measured?

Aortic flow velocity time integral (VTI) multiplied by the cross-sectional area (CSA) allows to compute stroke volume (SV) ejected by the left ventricle (LV). Heart rate (HR) then allows to compute cardiac output (CO) = VTI × CSA × HR.

How do you measure non invasive cardiac output?

Pulse wave analysis allows a continuous minimally invasive cardiac output measurement. Other methods, such as bioreactance, Doppler technique or echocardiography currently provide a valid, fast and non-invasive measurement of cardiac output.

How do you measure cardiac index?

To find the cardiac index, divide the cardiac output by the person’s body surface area (BSA). The normal range for CI is 2.5 to 4 L/min/m2. Here’s an example of how to calculate the cardiac index: If a patient’s cardiac output is 4.5 L/minute and his BSA is 1.25 m2, his CI would be 3.6 L/min/m2.

How does bioimpedance work?

Bioimpedance is a measure of how well the body impedes electric current flow. By using high measuring frequencies the current passes right through these capacitors, and the result is dependent on tissue and liquids both inside and outside the cells.

What is a normal cardiac index?

Normal Hemodynamic Parameters

Parameter	Equation	Normal Range
Cardiac Index (CI)	CO/BSA	2.5 – 4.0 l/min/m2
Stroke Volume (SV)	CO/HR x 1000	60 – 100 ml/beat
Stroke Volume Index (SVI)	CI/HR x 1000	33 – 47 ml/m2/beat
Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)	80 x (MAP – RAP)/CO	800 – 1200 dynes · sec/cm5

What kind of electrical current is used in bioimpedance?

Analysis of bioimpedance information obtained at 50 KHz electric current is known as single-frequency bioimpedance analysis (SF-BIA).

What is bioimpedance used for?

Bioimpedance is about the electrical properties of your body (or other biomaterials), e.g. to what extent you are a good conductor. Bioimpedance is a measure of how well the body impedes electric current flow.

What are the two main factors that affect cardiac output?

Factors Regulating Cardiac Output Factors affect cardiac output by changing heart rate and stroke volume. Primary factors include blood volume reflexes, autonomic innervation, and hormones. Secondary factors include extracellular fluid ion concentration, body temperature, emotions, sex, and age.