What is the theoretical yield of lidocaine?

Most yields range near 85% yield.

What is lidocaine synthesized from?

Lidocaine, 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide (2.2. 2), is synthesized from 2,6-dimethylaniline upon reaction with chloroacetic acid chloride, which gives α-chloro-2,6-dimethylacetanilide (2.1. 1), and its subsequent reaction with diethylamine [11]. Lidocaine is the most widely used local anesthetic.

What is the mechanism of the second step of lidocaine synthesis?

The second step is a substitution reaction between the α-chloro-2,6-dime thylacetanilide and diethylamine to form lidocaine, followed by filtration, extraction, and recrystallization of lidocaine. The third step is the stabilization of the product by conversion to its sulfate salt.

How do you manufacture lidocaine?

Dissolve the lidocaine in ether (10 mL per gram of lidocaine) and add 2 mL of 2.2 M sulfuric acid in ethanol per gram of lidocaine. 2. Stir and scratch with a glass rod to mix and induce crystallization. 3.

What is the limiting reagent in lidocaine synthesis?

assuming I did my calculations correct the limiting reagent is 2,6-dimethylaniline at . 024257 moles, so theoretically i should get . 024257 moles of a-chloro-2,6-dimethylacetanilide which would be about 4.8 grams.

What is the chemical name for lidocaine?

Lidocaine | C14H22N2O – PubChem.

Is Lidocaine the same as lidocaine?

Lidocaine, also known as lignocaine and sold under the brand name Xylocaine among others, is a local anesthetic of the amino amide type. It is also used to treat ventricular tachycardia.

What is the mechanism of action of lidocaine?

The principal mechanism of action of lidocaine as a local anaesthetic is through blockade of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) leading to a reversible block of action potential propagation.

How is lidocaine prepared in a linear synthesis?

Lidocaine will be prepared via a three-step linear synthesis starting from 2,6-dimethylnitrobenzene. The reduction of 2,6-dimethylnitrobenzene 1with three equivalents of stannous chloride (SnCl 2) yields the ammonium salt 2.

How is the carbon nitrogen bond in lidocaine formed?

The synthesis of Lidocaine may be envisioned as outlined in the retrosynthesis in figure 2 below. The indicated carbon-nitrogen bond (a wavy line through the bond) in Lidocaine can be formed via the Sn2 reaction between commercially available diethyl amine andsynthetic intermediate α-chloro amide .

Why is lidocaine used as a local anesthetic?

Lidocaine itself is a sodium channel blocker (class 1B antiarrhythmic) that causes a depression of rapidly depolarizing tissue. It can be used as a local anesthetic and as an antiarrhythmic after heart attacks. It has also found use in asthma therapy (dispensed in nebulizers).

Which is the generic name for lidocaine hydrochloride?

(The hydrochloride is the salt generally used in medicine, but it is considerably more difficult to purify.) Lidocaine (the generic name) is sold under various trade names, the most common of which is Xylocaine.