Which drugs are contraindications with administration of xanthine derivatives?

Methylxanthines are contraindicated in any patient with a history of hypersensitivity reaction to any medication with a xanthine-derivative component (including aminophylline, theophylline, ethylenediamine).

What are side effects of xanthine derivatives?

Xanthines can cause a mild diuresis. The xanthines have many minor side effects (anxiety, nervousness, tremor, headache, dizziness) but are largely well tolerated in the doses used to treat asthma and chronic bronchitis.

What are the signs of xanthine toxicity?

Symptoms of overdose may include unusually fast or slow heartbeat, loss of appetite, nausea/vomiting, sleeplessness, irritability, restlessness, headache, increased thirst, fever, ringing in ears, delirium, muscle twitching or weakness, seizures, sweating, or fast breathing.

What drugs does theophylline interact with?

TABLE II. Clinically significant drug interactions with theophylline.*

Drug	Type of Interaction
Carbamazepine	Similar to aminoglutethimide.
Cimetidine	Decreases theophylline clearance by inhibiting cytochrome P450 1A2.
Ciprofloxacin	Similar to cimetidine.
Clarithromycin	Similar to erythromycin.

Is caffeine a xanthine?

Caffeine is the most important xanthine alkaloid. It is a mildly stimulant drug found in tea, coffee, cocoa, and the kola nut and is usually associated with the alkaloids theophylline and theobromine, which are mild cardiac stimulants.

What is an example of xanthine?

Methylxanthines (methylated xanthines), which include caffeine, aminophylline, IBMX, paraxanthine, pentoxifylline, theobromine, and theophylline, affect not only the airways but stimulate heart rate, force of contraction, and cardiac arrhythmias at high concentrations.

Is xanthine a bronchodilator?

Xanthines are a group of alkaloids commonly used for their effects as mild stimulants and as bronchodilators, notably in the treatment of asthma symptoms.

Where is xanthine found in the body?

Xanthine: A substance found in caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline and encountered in tea, coffee, and the colas. Chemically, xanthine is a purine.

What is the antidote for theophylline?

Multidose activated charcoal (MDAC) enhances elimination of theophylline. It is important to control nausea and vomiting in order to perform MDAC treatment.

Are there any side effects to taking xanthine derivatives?

GENERIC NAME: XANTHINE DERIVATIVES – ORAL. PRECAUTIONS: Avoid drinking large amounts of beverages containing caffeine (coffee, tea, colas) or eating large amounts of chocolate. Caffeine can increase side effects of this medication. Smoking affects this medication. Be sure to tell your doctor if you smoke or use nicotine.

Can you increase the serum concentration of xanthine?

The serum concentration of Xanthine can be increased when it is combined with Abametapir. The metabolism of Xanthine can be increased when combined with Abatacept. The serum concentration of Xanthine can be increased when it is combined with Abiraterone.

How does theophylline work as a derivative of xanthine?

A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3′,5′-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLYL CYCLASES and cyclic AMP.

Where does xanthine come from in the body?

Xanthine is a drug used to manage uncomplicated liver dysfunction in combination with orotic acid. A purine base found in most body tissues and fluids, certain plants, and some urinary calculi. It is an intermediate in the degradation of adenosine monophosphate to uric acid, being formed by oxidation of hypoxanthine.