What causes sinusoidal CTG?

What causes sinusoidal CTG? True sinusoidal pattern is typically associated with situations that cause chronic foetal anaemia or hypovolemia: iso-immunization, massive feto-maternal haemorrhage, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, bleeding vasa previa and foetal intracranial haemorrhage. What does Toco mean on baby monitor? The pressure-sensitive contraction transducer, called a tocodynamometer (toco), measures the Read more…

How do you rule out constipation?

How do you rule out constipation? Diagnosis Blood tests. An X-ray. Examination of the rectum and lower, or sigmoid, colon (sigmoidoscopy). Examination of the rectum and entire colon (colonoscopy). Evaluation of anal sphincter muscle function (anorectal manometry). Evaluation of anal sphincter muscle speed (balloon expulsion test). Who constipation guidelines? WGO Read more…