What causes sinusoidal CTG?

True sinusoidal pattern is typically associated with situations that cause chronic foetal anaemia or hypovolemia: iso-immunization, massive feto-maternal haemorrhage, twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, bleeding vasa previa and foetal intracranial haemorrhage.

What does Toco mean on baby monitor?

The pressure-sensitive contraction transducer, called a tocodynamometer (toco), measures the tension of the maternal abdominal wall – an indirect measure of the intrauterine pressure.

How can you tell contractions from CTG?

One transducer records the fetal heart rate using ultrasound and the other transducer monitors the contractions of the uterus by measuring the tension of the maternal abdominal wall (providing an indirect indication of intrauterine pressure). The CTG is then assessed by a midwife and the obstetric medical team.

What is reduced variability CTG?

Reduced variability 3-5 beats per minute • Absent variability <3. beats per minute • Increased (salutatory) variability > 25 beats per minute. Accelerations are transient increases in FHR of 15bpm or more above the baseline and lasting 15 seconds.

What does abnormal CTG mean?

An abnormal CTG has two or more features which are non-reassuring, or any abnormal features. Further information about classifying FHR traces: If repeated accelerations are present with reduced variability, the FHR trace should be regarded as reassuring.

When can a CTG be done?

Cardiotocography (CTG) can be applied from 28 week of pregnancy, but its most common use after the 32nd week.

What does a contraction look like on the monitor?

The monitor records the duration of contractions and the time between them but doesn’t tell you the strength of the contraction. Each contraction resembles a hill or a bell-shaped curve, starting low, rising slowly, and then returning to baseline.

Does CTG harm baby?

Damaging the baby with internal fetal monitoring technology The Alfirevic review (2017) found a threefold increase in scalp trauma and or infection when CTG monitoring was used. A fetal death was reported as a consequence of injury from a fetal electrode to a prolapsed umbilical cord (de Leeuw et al., 2002).

What is abnormal CTG?

What are the 4 types of fetal heart decelerations?

Decelerations are temporary drops in the fetal heart rate. There are three basic types of decelerations: early decelerations, late decelerations, and variable decelerations. Early decelerations are generally normal and not concerning. Late and variable decelerations can sometimes be a sign the baby isn’t doing well.

What are the features of a normal CTG?

Normal intrapartumCTG trace: The normal intrapartum CTG is associated with a low probability of fetal compromise and has the following features:  Baseline FHR is between 110-160 bpm  Variability of FHR is between 6-25 bpm  Decelerations are absent or early  The significance of the presence or absence of accelerations is unclear.

What does it mean when your CTG does not show acceleration?

The absence of accelerations with an otherwise normal CTG is of uncertain significance. Decelerations are an abrupt decrease in the baseline fetal heart rate of greater than 15 bpm for greater than 15 seconds. Fetal heart rate is controlled by the autonomic and somatic nervous system.

What do you need to know about interpreting a CTG?

The CTG is then assessed by a midwife and the obstetric medical team. To interpret a CTG you need a structured method of assessing its various characteristics. The most popular structure can be remembered using the acronym DR C BRAVADO: When performing CTG interpretation, you first need to determine if the pregnancy is high or low risk.

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