What is a bHLH domain?

The bHLH domain defines a large and diverse family of transcriptional regulators that function prominently in the development of the nervous system as well as in other organ systems, including muscle, pancreas, and blood (Massari and Murre, 2000).

What is transcription factor family?

Transcription factors (TFs), which are central to the regulation of gene expression, are usually members of multigene families. In plants, they are involved in diverse processes such as developmental control and elicitation of defense and stress responses.

What is bZIP transcription factor?

Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) gene family is one of the largest transcription factor families in plants, and members of this family play important roles in multiple biological processes such as light signaling, seed maturation, flower development as well as abiotic and biotic stress responses.

What is a transcription factor in genetics?

Transcription factors are proteins involved in the process of converting, or transcribing, DNA into RNA. Transcription factors include a wide number of proteins, excluding RNA polymerase, that initiate and regulate the transcription of genes.

What is a bZIP file?

What is a BZ2 file extension? BZ2 is a file extension used for containing files compressed with BZIP2 open source compression method. Mostly used on UNIX or Linux systems, this file format is only capable of containing a single file.

What are WRKY genes?

WRKY gene involved in plant defense, hormone signaling, and secondary metabolism are regulated by phosphorylation via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. Additionally, a MAPK can phosphorylate a VQ protein, freeing the WRKY transcription factor for target gene activation.

Where are DNA-binding domains found?

DNA recognition by the DBD can occur at the major or minor groove of DNA, or at the sugar-phosphate DNA backbone (see the structure of DNA). Each specific type of DNA recognition is tailored to the protein’s function.

What are the functions of bHLH transcription factors?

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors (TFs) belong to a family of transcriptional regulators present in three eukaryotic kingdoms. Many different functions have been identified for these proteins in animals, including the control of cell proliferation and development of specific cell lineages.

What is the structure of the bHLH protein?

A basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) is a protein structural motif that characterizes one of the largest families of dimerizing transcription factors. bHLH transcription factors are often important in development or cell activity. BMAL1-Clock is a core transcription complex in the molecular circadian clock.

How are bHLH genes classified into subfamilies?

Phylogenetic analysis permitted classification of the 638 bHLH genes identified into 32 subfamilies. Evolutionary and functional relationships within subfamilies are supported by intron patterns, predicted DNA-binding motifs, and the architecture of conserved protein motifs.

How does bHLH play a role in plants?

In plants, the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors play key roles in diverse biological processes. Genome-wide comprehensive and systematic analyses of bHLH proteins have been well conducted in Arabidopsis, rice, tomato and other plant species. However, only few of bHLH family genes have been functional characterized in maize.