Do chloroplasts contain thylakoids?

Do chloroplasts contain thylakoids? The Structure and Function of Chloroplasts In addition to the inner and outer membranes of the envelope, chloroplasts have a third internal membrane system, called the thylakoid membrane. The thylakoid membrane forms a network of flattened discs called thylakoids, which are frequently arranged in stacks called Read more…

Can general anesthesia cause bronchospasm?

Can general anesthesia cause bronchospasm? Bronchospasm is a relatively common event during general anaesthesia. Management begins with switching to 100% oxygen and calling for help early. Stop all potential precipitants and deepen anaesthesia. How is bronchospasm treated during anesthesia? Deepen anesthetic – increase volatile anesthetic concentration. Consider alternative causes of Read more…